Residency is not a licence
Your visa status and your business status are separate. If you trade, consult or sell in the UAE, you need the right commercial or professional licence, and the books follow the legal form of that licence: a company, a sole establishment, a branch or a freelance permit. A golden visa holder who consults for UAE clients without a licence has a licensing problem first and an accounting problem second.
Corporate tax applies to businesses, including individuals conducting business under a UAE commercial licence, according to the UAE government portal. A Cabinet Decision sets the turnover above which an individual’s business activity falls into corporate tax, so check the current threshold with the FTA or your tax agent before assuming you are outside it.