What changed
The December 2025 instructions (for the January 2025 revision of the form) say Section G is optional for all filers for tax years beginning before 2026, and required for tax years beginning after 2025, subject to the Section G guidelines.
They also explain new section 174A: domestic research and experimental costs paid or incurred in tax years beginning after 2024 can be deducted, or capitalized and amortized over at least 60 months. Rev. Proc. 2025-28 covers transition options for amounts from 2022 to 2024.